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BrBr at. wt. 79.909 at. no. 35 m.p. - 7.2°C b.p. 58.78°C density 7.59 g/l (gas) density 3.12 (20°C) (liquid) valence 1, 3, 5, or 7.
| SHELL | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q |
| SUB SHELL | He | Neon | Argon | Krypton | Xenon | Radon | Eka-radon |
| 1s | 2s 2p | 3s 3p | 3d 4s 4p | 4d 5s 5p | 4f 5d 6s 6p | 5f 6d 7s 7p | |
| Bromine | 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s24p5 | ||||||
| Symbol | 2P3/2 | ||||||
Bromine was discovered by Balard in 1826, but not prepared in quantity until 1860. A member of the halogen group of elements, it is obtained from natural brines from wells in Michigan and West Virginia and from sea water by displacement with chlorine; electrolysis might be used. Bromine is the only liquid nonmetallic element. It is a heavy, mobile, reddish-brown liquid, volatilizing~readily at room temperature to a red vapor with a strong disagree- able odor, resembling chlorine, and having a very irritating effect on the eyes and throat; it is readily soluble in water or carbon disulfide, forming a red solution; it is less active than chlorine but more so than iodine; it unites readily with many elements and has a bleaching action; when spilled on the skin it produces painful sores. It presents a serious health hazard, and maximum safety precautions should be taken when handling it. About 80% of the bromine output in the U.S. is used in the production of ethylene dibromide, a lead scaven- ger used in making gasoline antiknock compounds. Bro- mine is also used in making fumigants, flameproofing agents, water purification compounds; dyes, medicinals, sanitizers, inorganic bromides for photography, etc. Organic bromides are also important.
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