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   Ne

NEON

(Gr. neos,new)

Ne at. wt. 20.183
   at. no. 10
   m.p. - 248.67°C
   b.p. - 246.048°C 
   density (gas)(1 atm) 0.89990 gm/I (1 atm. 0°C)
   density (liquid at b.p.) 1.207 gm/cm3
   valence 0.
Electronic configuration
 SHELL  K L M N O P Q
 SUB  SHELL He Neon Argon Krypton Xenon Radon Eka-radon
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s 4p 4d 5s 5p 4f 5d 6s 6p 5f 6d 7s 7p
Neon 1s22s22p6          
Symbol 1S0
Neon was discovered by Ramsay and Travers in 1898. Neon is a rare gaseous element present in the atmos- phere to the extent of 1 part in 65,000 of air. It is obtained by liquefaction of air and separated from the other gases by fractional distillation. Natural neon is a mixture of three isotopes. Five other unstable isotopes are known. It is a very inert element; however it is said to form a compound with fluorine. It is still questionable if true compounds of neon exist, but evidence is mounting in favor of their existence. The following ions are known from optical and mass spectro- metric studies: Ne;, (NeAr) +, (Nell) +, and (HeNe) +. Neon also forms an unstable hydrate. In a vacuum discharge tube, neon glows reddish orange. Of all the rare gases, the dis- charge of neon is the most intense at ordinary voltages and currents. Neon is used in making the common neon adver- tising signs, which accounts for its largest use. It is also used to make high-voltage indicators, lightning arrestors, wave meter tubes, and TV tubes. Neon and helium are used in making gas lasers. Liquid neon is now commercially avail- able and is finding important application as an economical cryogenic refrigerant. It has over 40 times more refrigerating capacity per unit volume than liquid helium and more than three times that of liquid hydrogen. It is compact, inert, and is less expensive than helium when it meets refrigeration requirements. Neon gas costs about Si .50/liter.

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